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IEC material · Information, education, communication

Myths vs Facts on Drugs and Health

Eight of the most common myths about drugs, answered with evidence. Use it to correct misinformation in classrooms, newsrooms, group chats and at home.

Audience
Young people, educators, journalists, caregivers
Region
Global, Global South focus
Edition
2026 Edition

Designed PDF edition coming soon to the publications library

Section 01

How to Use This Guide

Misinformation about drugs spreads faster than evidence. This guide gives you short, accurate answers you can use in the moment.

Each myth below is paired with what the evidence actually shows. The wording is deliberately plain so it can be repeated in a classroom, quoted in an article, or sent to a friend without needing a public health degree.

  • Lead with the fact, not the myth, so the correction is what people remember.
  • Keep the tone calm. Shaming someone rarely changes what they believe.
  • Say what you do not know. Credibility is the most valuable thing you have.
  • Point people to a service or a source, not just an opinion.
Section 02

Eight Myths, Answered

The claims we hear most often, and what the evidence says instead.

Myth

All drugs are equally dangerous.

Fact

Different drugs carry different risks. Some substances have a high potential for harm, such as opioids and methamphetamine, while others carry lower risks when used responsibly. Understanding the specific effects and risks of a substance is what allows someone to make an informed choice.

Myth

If you try drugs once, you will become addicted.

Fact

Addiction is a complex condition shaped by genetics, mental health, environment and frequency of use. Some drugs carry a higher potential for dependence, but most people who try a drug do not become addicted.

Myth

People who use drugs lack willpower or morals.

Fact

Substance use is influenced by stress, trauma and mental health conditions. Addiction is a health issue, not a moral failure, and people who struggle with substance use deserve support rather than judgement.

Myth

Harm reduction encourages drug use.

Fact

Harm reduction focuses on keeping people safe and reducing health risks. Needle and syringe programmes, naloxone distribution and drug checking have been shown to save lives without increasing drug use.

Myth

Only illegal drugs are harmful.

Fact

Legal substances such as alcohol and tobacco cause significant harm, including addiction and long term health consequences. The legal status of a substance does not always reflect its level of risk.

Myth

Quitting drugs is just a matter of choice.

Fact

Recovery looks different for everyone and often requires medical support, counselling and community resources. Reducing stigma and widening access to treatment is what helps people make positive changes.

Myth

You can tell if a drug is safe just by looking at it.

Fact

Many substances are mixed or cut with unknown chemicals. Drug checking services help people understand what they are actually consuming and reduce risks such as overdose or poisoning.

Myth

If someone overdoses, you should let them sleep it off.

Fact

An overdose is a medical emergency that needs immediate help. If someone is unresponsive or struggling to breathe, call emergency services and, if it is available, administer naloxone.

Section 03

Putting It Into Practice

How to move a conversation from argument to understanding.

  1. 1
    Ask before you correct

    Find out where the belief came from. People hold on to misinformation for reasons that usually make sense to them.

  2. 2
    Replace, do not just remove

    A myth leaves a gap. Fill it with an accurate explanation of how the risk actually works.

  3. 3
    Use a comparison people already trust

    Seatbelts, helmets and sunscreen all reduce harm without encouraging the risky behaviour. Harm reduction works the same way.

  4. 4
    End with an action

    Share where to find drug checking, naloxone, counselling or a helpline in your area.

Keep going